Hormones

PSA — The Prostate Marker Every Man Should Understand

Let's be upfront: PSA testing can feel scary. But knowledge is power, and an elevated PSA doesn't automatically mean cancer. PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells, and small amounts circulate in every man's blood. When levels rise, it could be inflammation, benign enlargement, or yes — it could be cancer. The point of testing isn't to panic. It's to know where you stand so you can make informed decisions, early.

Why Test PSA?

PSA testing is commonly used as a screening tool for men over 50, for those with a family history of prostate cancer, and to track changes over time. If a previous PSA was on the low side, a follow-up can confirm stability. If you're making lifestyle changes, PSA can show whether they're moving the needle.

What Do High PSA Levels Mean?

PSA above 3 microg/L is higher than expected. It might be prostate inflammation (prostatitis) or prostate cancer — but a single high reading doesn't mean automatic intervention. Age, ethnicity, prostate size, and clinical context all matter. Older men and men of African descent tend to have naturally higher levels. One elevated result shouldn't cause alarm, but it does warrant follow-up.

What Do Low PSA Levels Mean?

Lower PSA suggests reduced prostate cancer risk, but very low levels don't completely rule it out. The percent-free PSA ratio can add nuance. Worth noting: long-term use of dutasteride or finasteride can cut PSA by up to 50%.

Symptoms to Watch For

  • Difficulty urinating or weak stream
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Blood in urine or semen
  • Pelvic discomfort
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Bone pain (advanced disease)

Who Should Get Tested?

  • Men over 50 as part of routine health screening
  • Men with family history of prostate cancer
  • Those with urinary symptoms or pelvic discomfort
  • Men tracking a previously detected PSA level
  • Anyone referred by their doctor for prostate evaluation

How to Prepare for Your Test

Do not ejaculate for 24 hours before the test. If having a digital rectal exam, do the PSA test first. Wait several weeks after a prostate biopsy. Bring valid ID. If you take a supplement containing biotin (often sold for hair and nails), pause it for two days before the test, as high doses can distort the result.

Order Your Blood Test

Test your PSA levels with an accredited Swedish laboratory. Results within days, reviewed by Wellth.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) →

Frequently Asked Questions

Can PSA diagnose prostate cancer?
No. PSA is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test. An elevated result means further investigation — imaging, additional blood work, or biopsy — to find out what's actually going on.
What is free PSA?
Free PSA is the portion not bound to proteins. A lower percent-free PSA may signal higher cancer risk, while a higher percentage often points to a benign cause.
Should all men be screened with PSA?
Guidelines vary. It's important to read Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer and discuss the benefits and limitations with your doctor before testing.
NW

Reviewed by

Wellth Team

Wellth

Our content is written and reviewed by Wellth, and fact-checked against peer-reviewed research and current Swedish clinical guidelines.

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Medical Disclaimer

The information on this page is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Wellth provides health information and testing services but is not a substitute for clinical care. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider if you have questions about a medical condition. If you are experiencing severe or urgent symptoms, contact your doctor or call 1177 Vårdguiden. Blood test results should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional in the context of your complete medical history.